50 First Dates Essay Example for Free

50 First Dates Essay The film 50 First Dates is a rom-com movie coordinated by Peter Segal. The film is an idea of a day that continues rehashing itself. Nonetheless, in this film the reusing happens totally inside the brain of Lucy Whitmore played by Drew Barrymore. Barrymore plays a young lady who was in a mishap that made her experience the ill effects of Goldfield Syndrome, an anecdotal type of anterograde amnesia where each day’s occasions vanish from her memory short-term. This is brought about by harm to the hippocampus, inside the transient projection, as the hippocampus controls memory capacities. Furthermore,she likewise guiltlessly accepts each day to be the birthday of her dad which happens to be the day of the mishap. So as to shield her from the torment of over and over finding out about the mishap, Marlin and Lucy’s sibling, re-institute the exercises of Marlin’s birthday consistently. The character Oola is a companion of Sandler, whom assists accompany increasing with smart plans to assist Lucy with going gaga for Henry regular. Oola is influencing his synapses by the day by day utilization of maryjane. Weed functions as an agonist, in this film. Adam Sandler, a womanizing marine life veterinian whom thinks about creatures in an oceanic event congregation has an excessive number of sexual successes until he understands that he is becoming hopelessly enamored with Lucy. Sandler, sheds his philandering ways and devises better approaches to meet her again consistently, trusting that one day she will hold her recollections and affections for him. He in the long run persuades Marlin that concealing reality from Lucy is more regrettable than disclosing it to her every day, so they start to leave video tapes for her to observe every morning, clarifying her circumstance and her relationship with Henry. Lucy likewise composes notes to herself in a journal. After some time, she starts to respond Henry’s sentiments, in any event, tolerating his proposition to be engaged. Lucy is encircled by a lot of help and love all through her predicament. Lucy additionally gets double dealing from her sibling and father and the fundamentally the entire town since they shield her from knowing reality. Individual Reflection: The aftereffects of this film furnish proof that individuals endure with anterograde amnesia which can viably assess parts of their personal satisfaction and that the nature of correspondence way of life. This film likewise gives proof that individuals Amnesia additionally alludes to a powerlessness to review data that is put away in memory. The reasons for amnesia might be natural or useful. Natural causes may incorporate mind harm through injury, or the utilization of explicit medications however typically narcotic medications. Amnesia might be one of the manifestations of some degenerative cerebrum infections, for example, Alzheimer’s sickness. Useful causes are mental components, for example, guard systems. Individuals with amnesia additionally think that its difficult to envision the future, in light of the fact that our developments of future situations are firmly connected to our memories of past encounters. Analysts from Washington University in St. Louis utilized propelled cerebrum imaging strategies to show that recollecting the past and imagining the future may go inseparably with each procedure starting strikingly comparable examples of movement inside exactly a similar wide system of mind areas. Luckily, in most of cases amnesia settle itself without treatment. Notwithstanding, if a fundamental physical or mental issue is available, it ought to be dealt with. Psychotherapy may some of the time be successful for certain patients. Mesmerizing can be a compelling method of reviewing recollections that have been overlooked. Family support is vital in helping a patient with amnesia improve. Therapists and specialists state that reality direction helps may assist with pushing patients once again into their condition on the off chance that they are encircled with natural items, photos, scents, and sounds. Individual Implications: In 50 First dates, it was intended to recount to the narrative of Lucy a lady whom experiences an extreme memory misfortune and can not recollected that anything that is occurring yet recalls the past. Goldfield’s condition is an invented name for a particular type of Anterograde amnesia utilized in the lighthearted comedy. The condition makes Lucy lose of every one of her recollections of the day, spare the recollections before the mishap, because of that she can't change over her transient recollections to her drawn out recollections during her rest. This outcomes in her awakening each day trusting it is the day of the mishap, October 13, 2002. Along these lines, while the name is fiction, it depends on a genuine condition. The neurological condition that Lucy experiences, Goldfield Syndrome, is totally anecdotal. Genuine anterograde amnesia influences either transient memory, which can a minutes ago or seconds, or middle of the road term memory, which can a days ago or weeks. Albeit, nodding off has nothing to do with the condition, and rest really escalates numerous concoction impacts which help memory.

The Extinction of Penguins Free Essays

Ruler Penguins have been around for many years. In spite of the fact that they are a sort of winged creature they can not fly. They walk, slide on their stomachs, or swim. We will compose a custom paper test on The Extinction of Penguins or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now They can swim as much as nine kilometers 60 minutes. That is quicker than a normal individual can run. Head Penguins can hold their breath more than twenty minutes and plunge more than eighteen hundred feet. Another fascinating reality about them is that they show no hostility towards people. The genuine inquiry is however whether Emperor Penguins are en route to termination? A portion of the reasons why we may figure this would be environmental change, consumption in food flexibly, contamination, labeling, and their predators. Environmental change is the explanation behind the Emperor Penguin populace to decrease by 50% in the course of recent years. Penguins utilize the ice to escape from predators, and to raise their chicks. A temperature increment of 2. 1 degrees Celsius will imperil 40% of the world’s Emperor Penguins. At the point when the ice liquefies before the chicks have developed and developed their waterproof quills, chicks that are cleared into the sea are probably going to bite the dust. On the off chance that the ice isn’t sufficiently strong to go on until when the chicks are prepared to take off to the ocean, they aren’t going to have the option to raise them. The loss of ocean ice for grown-up penguins can prompt lower food accessibility, which can bring about expanded mortality. In Antarctica an Emperor state has declined from 250 sets to 10 sets since 1960, because of fast loss of the ocean ice. Since worldwide environmental change has been causing the fast softening of ocean ice, the measure of krill in the southern seas has diminished as of late. Krill in which numerous penguins feed upon, get by taking care of off the green growth which shapes on the underside of the ocean ice. So the decrease in ocean ice which has come about because of environmental change has implied there has been significantly less nourishment for penguins to eat. In the event that this keeps on happening the Emperor Penguin populace is going to continue declining. Over angling of krill, and fish is another factor in helping penguins become wiped out. It is squeezing natural pecking orders and food accessibility for penguins. Modern fisheries drain the penguins’ food flexibly and entrap and suffocate the penguins in longlines and other damaging angling gear. The more fish and krill being gotten by people the less food there is for penguins to have the option to eat. Sea fermentation which is brought about by the retention of ozone harming substances like carbon dioxide into the seas is likewise hurting penguins. Tiny fish is a significant piece of the natural pecking order for some fish on which penguins feed. As gases are ingested into the seas, they become less neighborly places for tiny fish and different living beings to live which is less food penguins need to eat. Oil contamination slaughters a huge number of penguins every year. The oil pulverizes the common water repellent on their plumes, making the winged creatures become helpless against hypothermia. Penguins likewise expend the oil while attempting to prep, harming them and causing inner organ harm. The oil additionally slaughters the penguins’ food and toxic substances the penguins when attempting to eat debased fish. The banding of penguins is another issue adding to the declining populace of penguins. The main proof that flipper groups may be making harm penguins came during the 1970s. Zoos revealed that the groups would wound penguins’ flippers, particularly during the yearly shed, when flippers grow. Over a multi year time span, joined penguins delivered thirty-nine percent less chicks and had a sixteen percent lower endurance rate than unbanded flying creatures. United penguins likewise had less time and vitality to repeat and care for their young since they invested more energy scanning for food and arrangements and showed up over about fourteen days late to reproducing territories. The penguins wearing groups exhaust twenty-four percent more vitality while swimming and draw in the consideration of predators. Rory Wilson, a biologist at Swansea University said the additional stuff likely expanded the drag penguins experienced and impeded their athletic capacity. The most effective method to refer to The Extinction of Penguins, Essay models

ZOMG CPW

ZOMG CPW ZOMGCPW BEGINS TOMORROW!! AHHH! Arent you super excited?!?!? Ive spent the past several weeks with many of my colleagues, working long days and nights to match up all 1,100+ of you coming this weekend with current student hosts. (If your host hasnt been in touch with you, dont worry you WILL have a host and a place to stay once you get here. Well work it out! And if your host has tried to contact you but you havent gotten back to him/her yet, do so ASAP so you can work out living arrangements, a meeting time/place, and everything!) Anyways, in addition to matching all yall with hosts, Ive also spent the past several months planning the Closing Remarks and Variety Show thats happening Saturday night. Come check it out! The details: Saturday, April 10, 2010 6:00-7:30pm (Doors open at 5:30pm) Kresge Auditorium (Heres a link to the online CPW schedule entry.) There are going to be 5 fantastic acts at the show: Chorallaries (a cappella, co-ed) Imobilare (dance, breakdancing/hip-hop) Ariadne Smith 10 (classical guitar) Bhangra (dance, Punjabi) Logarhythms (a cappella, all-male) These are, of course, just a sampling of the 60+ performing arts groups at MIT. There are also a lot of other cool arts-related things going on throughout the weekend, like: Next Act (theyre doing the musical Urinetown this year), Thurs/Fri/Sat 8-10pm @ Next House Steel Pan Jamboree, Fri 3-5pm on the Student Center Steps All A Cappella Extravaganza, Fri 4-6pm in 34-101 SAAS (South Asian American Students) Culture Show, Fri 7pm in Kresge Auditorium Battle of the Bands, Sat 7:30-9:30pm in Lobdell Dining Hall (2nd floor Student Center) Emerson ScholarRecitals: violinist Tanya Goldhaber 10 will be performing Fri 12-1pm, and pianist Sarah Rumbley 12 will be performing Fri 5-6pm, both in Killian Hall (14W-111) and thats just the tip of the icebergso many cool and awesome things to do this weekend!! Anyways, come to the Closing Variety Show, and say hi to me at the CPW Help Desk, Student Welcome, Meet the Bloggers, and other stuff throughout the weekend! And tweet me if youd likeIm @MikeyMIT. Chris also posted a bunch of stuff about CPW + Web things so you can get your nerd on while CPW-ing! Have a safe trip, and well see you soon. Less than 12 hours til CPW begins!

Wealth effect of International Investment Announcements - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 18 Words: 5442 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? This paper examine on wealth effect of shareholders from the international investment announcements made by Malaysia Multinational Corporations (MNCs) listed at Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (KLSE). The project is using quantitative method (standard event-study methodology) and announcements in the year of 2002 are used. The result shows that international investment announcements create positive significant wealth effect for main board firms in KLSE. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Wealth effect of International Investment Announcements" essay for you Create order For second board firms however, the market does not react directly towards the foreign investment announcements. In short, unexpected cross border investment announcements do contain new relevant information and market does react on it. Market saturation theory also suggests that foreign investments may help firm to improve competitiveness and profitability. Besides, the larger capital size of main board firm makes the market to be more confident and optimistic on overseas investments announced by main board firms rather than second board. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Background of the Study The study focuses on the markets reaction towards international investment announcements made by Multinational Corporations (MNCs) in Malaysia. According to Eun Resnick (2004), a multinational corporation (MNC) is a business organization incorporated in one country but has production and sales operations in at least one foreign country. Similarly, based on Franklin (1973), MNC is a business firm that consists of a parent company that produce and market in foreign countries; with the flow of products, services, capital, technology, management, and funds among them. As shown in many studies, the stock price reactions towards foreign investment announcements in developing market produced uncertain results. Some studies showed positive market reactions towards international investment announcements but some may not. For instance, Lummer and McConnell (1990) proved that US firms foreign joint ventures have a positive return especially when the venture partner is a foreign firm as co ntrasted to a foreign government. Moreover, Ahmad Etebari (1993) stated that joint ventures between US firms and Eastern and Central European Countries yield a positive valuation effect for the participating US firms. Besides, there is a study that showed international acquisition provides abnormal positive returns to target shareholders (Ike Mathur and Nanda Raugan, 1992). However, some studies shows negative market reaction towards the announcements. Thomas H. S. Ghassem H. (1990) indicated that there is a small magnitude of negative stock price reaction to foreign investment announcements. Similarly, Albert C. Alireza T. R. (2000) tested on the wealth effects of international acquisitions using a sample of foreign acquisitions by Dutch firms during the period 1990 to 1996 and found weak evidence on wealth creation of the activities, especially for the acquisitions in the US. There must be some reasons that attract firms to go abroad. Alex O. W. (1982) discussed that the f undamental of international trade is the difference in cost of goods produced in different countries. Different natural resources (such as land and mineral), capital (technology), and labors will have different prices in various countries. Referring to Eun C. S. Resnick B. G. (2004), firms can locate production in any regions in the world to maximize performance and raise funds in market where the cost of capital is the lowest. International investments also enable firms to diversify risks compared to only investing locally. More significantly, based on David Ricardos On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation which introduced the concept of comparative advantage and this concept further convinced firms to go abroad (Franklin R. R., 1994; Eun C. S. Resnick B. G., 2004; Alex O. W., 1982). According to Ricardo, it is mutually beneficial for firms to produce and specialize in goods that they can produce most efficiently, with the least costs compared to other firms. Then, it is advisable for firms to trade goods among themselves, even if situated in different countries. For example, a firm in France produces wine most efficiently, whereas a firm in England produces textiles with the best efficiently. If they both specialize in their respective products and trade it with each other, the combined production of the two goods will be increased compared to if they choose to produce the products individually. Through international investment, MNCs can achieve economy of scale faster (Eun C. S. Resnick B. G., 2004). First, it can be done by spreading the R D expenditures and advertising costs over the global sales. Besides, firms can also pool their global purchasing power over the suppliers, thus enabling them to purchase raw material at lower prices. Technology can be used with minimal additional costs too. MNCs are also able to get cheaper labor compared with their parent company in certain countries. Nevertheless, there are also some arguments on the negative effects of firms international investments. Madura (2000) discussed that managements might be unfamiliar to foreign cultures when they expand internationally. These culture barriers may offset the gains from the international expansion. Management needs to know and understand foreign cultures, for instance, Germans only discuss business dealings in the meeting room, but never during meals. Furthermore, Jensen (1986) said in his free cash flow theory that managers may sometimes be involved in over-investing in some unprofitable foreign ventures in order to expand firms empire and obtain prestige. The investments will eventually shrink the value of the parent companies. In addition, MNCs are exposed to foreign exchange risk that they would not encounter in purely domestic transactions (Eun C. S. Resnick B. G., 2004). For example in December 1994, the Mexico peso depreciates drastically against US dollar. Consequently, the price of US imported goods will increase in Mexico as it needs more pesos to buy $1 US dollar. Similarly for Asian currency crisis 1997, if a US firm with major export market like Indonesia, Malaysia, or Thailand, the same difficult situation will occur. Another drawback from international investment is the political risk involved (Eun C. S. Resnick B. G., 2004). The risk arises from the changes in tax rules or inconsistency in policy implementations by foreign governments. For illustration, in 1992 Enron Development Corporation spent nearly $300 million on the project to build a largest power plant in India. However, it was then cancelled in 1995 by the politicians. This showed how difficult it is to maintain contracts and investments in foreign countries under the influence of politics. Malaysians MNCs Performance There are three forms of foreign investments: acquisitions and joint venture with existing companies in foreign countries, and opening new subsidiaries in foreign countries (Madura, 2000). To study the market reaction of Malaysians MNCS on international investment, this study focuses on Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (KLSE), one of the fastest developing and largest rising securities market in the Asia Pacific rim (Annuar and Shamsher, 1992). A survey has been conducted by Bala (1999) on 436 firms (as at October 1997) listed on KLSE to recognize MNCs originating from Malaysia. Eventually, he discovered 207 firms are actively involved in international investments. Appendix A shows spread of Malaysian MNCs Foreign Investments according to Region. Despite the negative effects on foreign investments discussed, Malaysian MNCs spread all over the world; carrying out international trades in countries such as United States, Europe, Australia and so on. From Bala (1999) survey, 17 firms are discovered to have more than 20 ongoing international investments overseas. Also, from appendix A, we discovered that North East Asia and the ASEAN countries received the most of Malaysians investments. The technology advancement of Malaysia had somehow deterred Malaysia firms from undertaking into western countries and competing with the firms with much sophisticated technologies in those countries (Lall, 1986). According to Bala (1999), Sime Darby has the most number of foreign investments, which are 110 foreign activities in 19 countries. The second place goes to Amsteel with 70 ongoing foreign investments, and thirdly is MBF Holding with 60 such activities. The number of MNCs in Malaysia has increased over the year, according to Annuar et. al (1996). In fact, any information about the investments overseas is publicized according to the KLSE listing requirement. Thus, the foreign investment news is relevant to the reactions on these announcements in Malaysian MNCs. A s shown by David and Qian (1997), firms anticipate positive returns on the foreign investments or else they will not involve in the activities. Therefore if the previous performance of Malaysia MNCs on investments overseas is good, it will encourage more of such investments. Moreover, if the stock price shows positive returns during the particular announcements dates, it directly means a positive reaction from the market. It also presented a good performance of Malaysias MNCs on such investments. A successful international investment will also increase firms profit; and thus generate wealth to the shareholders. Problem Statement The study focuses on the Malaysia Multinational Corporations (MNCs) listed at KLSE. Previous researches showed that International investments announcements by MNCs are significance to the market, some showed positive and some showed negative market reaction. There must be reasons for firms to invest overseas. If foreign investments do not produce preferable results for the company, there is no point for firms to go abroad. This paper will focus on determining the wealth effects on international investments announcements by Malaysia MNCs. Also, the capital size of MNCS (whether main or second board) will be investigated in the effectiveness to produce market reaction on their foreign investment announcements. Objectives of the Study This study is to determine the wealth effects of foreign investment announcements in developing market. Research Questions What are the wealth effects of foreign investment announcements in developing market? CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) FDI is the investment that gives investor a controlling interest in foreign company and any way of increasing international business that requires a direct investment in foreign operations (Daniels, Radebaugh and Sullivan, 2007). Here, Madura (2006) states those foreign direct investors are not hoping to gain profit from foreign investments, but also consider expanding their businesses in foreign country and the exchange of operation and management skills. McManus (1975) however, finds FDI is possibly in industries with considerable interdependence among producers across nations to lessen transactions costs and to assure the internalization of the net ownership rents. According to Edward R. B. et. al. (1997), entry transactions are classified into three modes that we define as mergers and acquisitions, joint ventures, or subsidiary investments and plant expansions. However, Beamish Banks (1987) and Tang Yu (1990) state that traditional entry mode usually is on wholly owned subs idiaries. Besides, joint ventures may sometimes be preferred over wholly owned subsidiaries because the costs are much more easily controlled. According to Gomes-Casseres, B. (1990) on the other hand, firms entering foreign markets for productions prefer structures that minimize transaction costs of doing business. In contrast, actual ownership structures that arise ex post depend on the bargaining power of the entering firm relative to other existing firms and governments. Bhaumik and Gelb (2004) explain some advantages that MNCs will get from overseas acquisition. First, MNCs can reduce or eliminate the cost of gathering resources together to build a firm. Moreover, MNCs can gain knowledge about the local markets and institutions and the business relationships. Furthermore, it facilitates MNCs to keep their own management and operation skills and the control of their existing technology. Acquisitions also cause MNCs to bear the cost of integrating the production structure, orga nizational structure and corporate culture of the acquired firm into its own. Joint venture however, is pooling of assets in a common and separate organization by two or more firms who share common ownership and control over the use and returns of these assets (Kogut and Singh, 1988). In this entry mode, two parties agree to contribute their equity to form a new entity and undertake the economic activity together. Revenues, expenses and the control of the enterprise will be shared from business. 2.2 Factors of FDI Considerations Edward R. B. et. al., (1997) states some of the factors for foreign investments to occur. One of them is government nonmarket incentives that twist the normal functioning of local supply and demand patterns. Besides, non-governmental imperfections and situational factors also impact upon foreign firm entry decisions. Informational and distribution inefficient markets that fail to perform proper signaling and rationing functions and leading to foreign capital entry and exit behaviors also contribute to FDI activities. Bany and Fauzias (2006) however, urge that market reaction is different for developed and developing countries. It is because developed countries have higher skills of management and technology and stable economical and political conditions. Developing countries on the other hand, always refers to a country with lower capital, possesses lower technology level and lower standard of living. It becomes a competitive advantage for Malaysia MNCs to invest in developing c ountries due to the lower technology skills of the local companies. The business culture in developing countries is also similar to Malaysia, thus it is easier for Malaysia MNCs to compete successfully with local firms. It is statistically proved that the significant result on FDI announcements is only because of the technology advantage of Malaysia MNCs (Bany and Fauzias, 2006). It is also found that for international JV, the wealth gains are found to be influenced by the size of the firms; the smaller the firms, the higher the gains. Besides, industrial sector of the firm also affects wealth on international JV. In addition, unincorporated JV is also believed to provide higher gains on investments (Janakiramanan, Lamba Seneviratne, 2005). Nevertheless, there are risks to be considered before firms opt for FDI. Country risk is one of the considerations (Madura, 2006). There are two main country risks: political and financial risk. Political risk includes attitude of customer s in the host country, actions of host government, blockage of fund transfer, currency inconvertibility, war, bureaucracy, and corruption. Financial risk however, is the current and potential state of the countrys economy; for example interest rate, exchange rate, and inflation rate. Another type of problem is related to agencies, also called as dissemination risk; which is the main problem for international joint venture. Dissemination risk refers to the extent to which a firms intangible assets like marketing and production technology are likely to be mimicked by competitors (Edward R. B. et. al., 1997). In the context, JV can lead to a transfer of the intangible asset or technology owned by the MNC to the local partner, whether accidentally or intentionally (Bhaumik and Gelb, 2004). Always, acquisition and JV allow access to the firm-specific like assets in the host countries (Duarte Canal, 2002). Under this condition, the agency problem will occur and the relationship betwee n partners will dissolute within a relatively short period of time (Sinha, 2001). If dissemination risks are large, entering firms will choose to purchase wholly-owned subsidiaries, expand existing capacity, or acquire assets of local entities rather than contracting through joint ventures or licensing arrangements (Edward R. B. et. al., 1997). 2.3 The Wealth Effect of FDI Announcements There are various researches and studies on market reactions based on different announcements. For example Masulis (1980), Ball Brown and Finn (1977) on capital structure changes; Bradley, Desai and Kim (1988) on merger and acquisitions; Scholes (1972) on common stocks right issues; and Chan, Gau and Wang (1995) on business relocation. This paper will focus on the wealth effect of international investments announcements. Similarly in terms of technique, Annuar and Shamsher (1992, 1993) analyze the effects of stock splits and rights issues announcements on share prices in Malaysia. As a result, these announcements create reactions in the market and produce positive abnormal return to the investors. Thus, it is believed that foreign investment announcements are alike to those announcements and they will create market reactions. The market price should change upon the release of such information. In Malaysia, Bany and Fauzias (2006) proved that market react positively and significa nt to the shareholders on the foreign investment announcements. In US, Etabari (1993) prove that the reaction of US stock price towards 25 international joint ventures announcements between US firms and firms in Eastern and Central European countries reacted positively towards the announcements. Moreover, McConnell and Nantell (1985), Mohanram Nanda (1998), and Johnson Houston (1999) also show that stock price of US firms reacted positively towards the international JV announcements. Next, Lummer and McConnell (1990) verify that foreign joint ventures for US firms produce positive return as the joint ventures are viewed from value enhancement. It was also discovered that the stock price reacted positively significantly, especially when the venture partner is a foreign firm, as opposed to a foreign government. In addition, Cructchley, Guo, and Hansen (1991) find out that both the Japanese and the US market produce positive reaction when there is international cooperation anno uncement between firms from these two countries. Doukas and Travlos (1988) discover that US MNCs gain the most when they announce acquisitions in less developed countries. It is also verified that multinationals not already operating in the targets country benefit from their announcement acquisitions. Next in Australia, Janakiramanan, Lamba Seneviratne (2005) provided evidence that domestic and international JV in Australia brings positive abnormal return over a two-day announcement period. In India however, FDI announcements will bring significant positive impact to Indian MNCs in the short period. In the longer period, negative abnormal return will occur to both Indian Chinese MNCs, and it was statistically insignificant to Indian acquirers but statistically significant to Chinese acquirers (Cheng, Wickramanayake Sagaram, 2003). Shapiro (1996) explains that firms will gain from these international investments activities when countries are less than perfectly correlated. T his enables firms to reduce the variability of their earnings provided they have their investments in multiple countries. Additionally, firms will be able to increase market share by expanding internationally. Firms can achieve economies of scale faster by having bigger market. It is said that such investment announcements will result in higher stock returns as it could improve firms profitability. Anyway, there are studies showed some negative reactions on international investment announcements. Malhorta and Zhu (2006) attest that international acquisition announcements made by Indian firms create significant positive short-term, yet negative impact on shareholders wealth. In US, Markides and Ittner (1990) discover that investors reaction to US firms foreign ventures with foreign firms in Canada and the UK is negative and only joint ventures with firms in Continental Europe create positive wealth effect. Besides, Gleason Mathur (1998) conclude that shareholders of US banks expe rience significant negative excess returns when banks make international acquisition announcement, especially in developed countries. In Europe moreover, Fatemi and Furtada (1988) show that Germans foreign investments announcements are taken unfavorably by the market. In Korea, Kim (2003) sums that the FDI made by Korean MNCs in developed countries may not possess competitive advantages over local competitors. Firms are more likely to gain from FDI in developing countries than in advanced economies. Therefore Korean MNCs announcement effects of FDI in advanced countries are not statistically significant, while the announcement effects in developing countries are positive and statistically significant. Then, Feils Sahoo (2000) stress that local acquisitions will only bring negative wealth effect to the shareholders, but give positive wealth effect in international acquisitions. Moeller, Schlingemann Stulz (2002) however, discover that small firms are significantly better than large firms when they make acquisition announcements. Abnormal return associated with acquisition announcements for small firms exceed the abnormal return associated with acquisition announcements for large firms. In the free cash flow theory of Jensen (1986), manager may sometimes over-invest in some unprofitable projects that will eventually diminish the value of parent firms on such foreign investments. In addition, Madura (2000) suggests that when firms expand beyond their national borders, unfamiliarity to operate within a new set of national and corporate cultures create barriers that may offset the gain a firm might obtain from international expansion. 2.4 Testable Hypothesis From the above literature reviews, it is clear that different studies pointed out different views of FDI. In this paper however, the following hypothesis is constructed: H0: There is no significant result on wealth effect of international investment announcements. H1: There is significant result on wealth effect of international investment announcements. A successful FDI will increase the firms profits and shareholders wealth. Thus in this paper, the wealth effect of international investments announcements will be tested for the purpose. CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The research method follows specifically with the literature review. Firstly, information and journals related are obtained using available sources like the library and internet. Then, data is collected from sample. Finally, data is analyzed and determinants are developed. 3.1 Literature Review Plenty of previous researches study on the impacts of foreign investment announcements on stock returns. It is assumed that market capital is sufficient and thus the price of securities is implicit and instantly adjusted to the public release of new information. Therefore, it is worthy to look into the wealth effect of international investment announcements for which the importance have been described in previous chapters. 3.2 Research Approach Deductive approach is performed in the research. First and foremost, hypothesis was developed. Then, a research strategy was designed to test the hypothesis. In this case, historical data will be used to test the particular hypothesis. 3.3 Research Method The research is carried out using quantitative method. Secondary data is used, which are share prices in Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (KLSE). The data is showed in quantitative form for the purpose of the study. The result calculated is used to determine the wealth effect of foreign direct investment announcements. 3.4 Data Collection and Sampling Stock prices of all MNCs are collected from KLSE. In the context, prices during the period of foreign investment announcements made are used for the purpose. Targeted period of the stock prices is 15 days before and after the announcements, which is 31 days all together. Historical two years of daily stock prices before 15 days of announcements also required for calculation of beta and alpha. Data needed is from 1999 to 2003 as the sample MNCs are from the year 2002. 3.5 Data Calculation The standard event-study methodology is used in this research to assess the impact of foreign investment announcements. The method is based on market model describe by Fama (1976). It is predicted in the model that a firms normal or expected return given the market return and the firm historical relationship to the market. For each firm, the following model is estimated: E= + + Where : E = Expected return on the security of firm I at time t; = return on the market portfolio at time t, proxied by the return on the KLCI and = parameters of the relationship between the return on the individual security and that of the market = residual of the relationship at time t The parameter alpha () and beta () are estimated for each security i over the period of two years prior to the announcement of the foreign investments. These parameters are then used to calculate the expected returns over the test period. The difference between the actual returns () and the exp ected returns for each day and for each firm are called abnormal returns ( ) and are calculated as follows: = ( + ) Here and are the estimated parameters a and b of firm i. The abnormal returns (AR) of each company stock are determined over the event period of 31 days (t = -15 to t = +15). On average, the expected abnormal returns are zero if announcements of direct foreign investments have no impact on stock prices. Besides, all of the firms abnormal return observations are cumulated to draw overall inferences for the event of interest. Average effects of the announcement are examined rather than study each firm separately, as other events are occurring and averaging across all firms should minimize the effect of these other events (Haugen 2001). For sample of N firms, a daily average abnormal return (AR) for each day t is obtained: = Then, to find out if there is an impact of foreign investment announcements on stock returns, which will produce a significant average daily abnormal return, the student t test statistic on any day t in the event window for all n stocks is created. t-statistic = ARt /  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ³ARt Where:  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ³Art = standard deviation of average abnormal return over the event period of ( t = -15 to t =+15) The expected returns and abnormal returns once the foreign investments announcements are made could be found by using these formulas. The daily average abnormal returns for all the sample stocks surrounding the announcements date should be statistically significant if there is an impact on the announcements. Significant figure on the t-statistic implies foreign investments announcements create market reaction, either positive or negative. CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND FINDINGS 4.1 Overall Samples Table 4.1 and 4.2 show the average daily abnormal returns and the t-statistic value of the total of 39 samples of foreign investment announcements for the period -5 to +5 days. The data is separated into two main categories: main board (Table4.1) and second board (Table 4.2) in Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (KLSE). In table 4.1, the average daily abnormal returns on the announcement date is -0.00611 with t-value of -0.9957. Although it shows negative AAR; however, t-statistic value shows insignificant result of international investment announcements. Therefore, there is no significant result on wealth effect of international investments announcements for main board firms. Similarly for second board firms, there is no significant result due to t-value of 1.2448 on the declaration day; although the AAR shows positive returns of 0.015827. Nevertheless, the t-value is significant for main board firms one day before the announcements, which is 2.31657 (5% significant). It shows posi tive significant result (AAR = 0.01422) for main board firm on FDI announcements one day before the declarations. Table 4.3 and 4.4 show cumulative average daily abnormal returns and the t-statistic value of the total of 39 samples of foreign investment announcements for the period -5 to +5 days, for main and second board in KLSE. On the announcement date, table 4.3 shows positive significant result of 10% (t-value = 1.89556, CAR = 0.00994) on the announcement date of the foreign investments announcements by main board. Also, it shows 1% significant positive reactions one day before and after the announcement date, where t-value day-1 = 3.06119 (CAR = 0.01605), and t-value day+1 = 3.2631(CAR = 0.01711). Here, it is clear that international investment announcements create wealth for shareholders in main board firms as the capital size is larger compared with second board firms in KLSE. Next, according to table 4.4, there is positive result on second board firms of international investment announcements, with CAR of 0.06207 on the announcement date. However, the result is not significant as the t-value is only 1.118655 on the declaration day. In short, based on the results shown, international investment announcements create positive significant wealth effect for main board firms in KLSE. For second board firms however, the market does not react directly towards the foreign investment announcements. Table 4.1: Abnormal Returns for Main Board Firms around the Announcement Period Day Average AAR(MB) t-statistic -5 0.00430206 0.700734111 -4 0.000349879 0.056989531 -3 -0.004640331 -0.755832834 -2 -0.000652968 -0.106357667 -1 0.014222296 **2.316575605 0 -0.006113253 -0.99574731 1 0.007172176 1.168228197 2 -0.010167319 -1.656087215 3 -0.004847547 -0.789584843 4 0.001572231 0.256090239 5 0.005137838 0.836868386 Table 4.2: Abnormal Returns for Second Board Firms around the Announcement Period Day Average AAR(SB) t-statistic -5 -0.002991129 -0.235249704 -4 0.009798002 0.770604441 -3 0.015774312 1.240636036 -2 -0.011074279 -0.870982463 -1 -0.011236461 -0.883737983 0 0.015827438 1.244814334 1 -0.004076424 -0.320607209 2 0.006470196 0.508875316 3 -0.006550335 -0.51517817 4 -0.006590779 -0.518359104 5 -0.01347014 -1.059414881 Table 4.3: Cumulative Abnormal Returns for Main Board Firms around the Announcement Period Day Average CAR(MB) t-statistic -5 0.006775798 1.291961568 -4 0.007125678 1.358674105 -3 0.002485346 0.473888332 -2 0.001832378 0.349384942 -1 0.016054674 ***3.061192428 0 0.009941421 *1.895560275 1 0.017113597 ***3.263100347 2 0.006946278 1.324467437 3 0.002098731 0.400171211 4 0.003670961 0.699953107 5 0.008808799 1.679599939 Table 4.4: Cumulative Abnormal Returns for Second Board Firms around the Announcement Period Day Average CAR(SB) t-statistic -5 -0.044180765 -0.796216099 -4 0.059356685 1.069713206 -3 -0.027703464 -0.499265768 -2 0.056520099 1.018592874 -1 -0.044377754 -0.799766181 0 0.062072397 1.118655164 1 -0.033324767 -0.60057166 2 0.088021262 1.586299954 3 -0.04795838 -0.864295447 4 0.07506993 1.352893868 5 -0.068604031 -1.236366844 * Significant at 10% ** Significant at 5% *** Significant at 1% CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSION 5.1 Discussions This research focuses on the analysis of wealth effect of international investment announcements in developing countries, specifically Malaysia. As the result shown, the abnormal return of main board securities shows significant positive result surrounding the announcement period. The result is consistent with the research done by Bany and Fauzias (2006) which proved that the abnormal return of the securities are significantly positive around the declaration date. It implies that the unexpected cross border investment announcements do contain new relevant information and market does react on it. Also, investors generally respond favorably to the foreign investment efforts of Malaysia firms listed at KLSE. This result is also consistent with Etabari (1993), Crutchchley et. al (1991), and Lummer and McConnell (1990). As the market responds positively towards Malaysia main board MNCs foreign investment announcements, there must be reasons for this phenomenon. One of the reasons is according to a report presented by David Qian (1997), which studied on Singapores multinational investments. David Qian (1997) say that Singapore is a small open economy, where the market becomes saturated as the economy matures. Competition among firms will be intensified and thus firms will go abroad to search for new market and opportunities in order to maintain competitiveness. Bala (1998) also suggests that market saturation will become predictable when industries slowly approaching the maturity stage. Thus, firms strategy to invest overseas seems appropriate as it may help firm to improve competitiveness and profitability. Investors therefore, will predict positive sign on this type of announcements. Another point is regarding the investors perception on the ability of firms to perform in foreign investments. As main board is always meant for more established companies and second board for relatively smaller companies; investors perceive main board firms to have higher ab ility in handling overseas investments. As stated in Annual PNS Entrepreneurs Gathering PWTC (2001), one of the quantitative requirements of main board firms is an uninterrupted profit record of 3 or 5 years RM30 million aggregate profit after tax; but only an uninterrupted profit record of 3 or 5 years RM12 million aggregate profit after tax for second board. Here, the larger capital size of main board firms makes the market to be more confident and optimistic on overseas investments announced by main board firms rather than second board. Investors anticipate the share price to have positive respond around the declaration and thus they will act based on their expectation. Similarly, the result shows that there is no significant wealth effect on second board international investment announcements. It implies that there is no market reaction due to the announcements of second board firms investments overseas. Market thinks that there will be no positive or negative effect on inter national investments by second board firms. Thus, they will do nothing on the announcements. Moreover, it also implies that there is no new information contained in the announcements. The trend may be explained by Madura (2000) that when firms expand beyond their national borders, unfamiliarity to operate within a new set of national and corporate cultures create barriers that may offset the gain a firm might obtain from international expansion. Investors perceive that to invest for such announcements are risky. 5.2 Conclusion This study is to determine the wealth effect of international investment announcements in developing market. The market reaction followed by international investment announcements made was tested using the historical share price from KLSE (1999-2003). The result shows that there is positive significant result of main board firms foreign investment announcements, with a significant level of 10% on the announcement day. However, there is no significant effect on the shareholders wealth for second board firms announcements. The result is consistent with the hypothesis proposed, where there is significant result on wealth effect of international investment announcements. H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. In short, Malaysian MNCs international investment announcements create shareholders wealth confirming the findings of Bany and Fauzias (2006). Anyway, it is only true for main board firms but not the second board. 5.3 Recommendations In general, this study enhances the literature of market reaction on Malaysia stock market by examining on the foreign investment announcements. Also, this paper verifies previous foreign investment studies, which have found that such firms cross border investments create favorable wealth effects. In fact, this study generates plenty of interesting issues to be addressed in the future. Firstly, this study can be extended to examine the abnormal return based on the level of development of the target country. For example, Ueng et. al. (2000), Doukas Travlos (1988), and Bany Fauzias (2006) proved that the foreign investments in developed countries generate higher positive returns for their shareholder than those investments into developing countries. Furthermore, a study can also be conducted to examine if the abnormal return formed based on the announcements by Malaysia MNCs which may be related to the relative strength of Malaysia currency (RM). Model study included Mathur, Rangan, Chachi, and Sundaram (1994) which find that a decline in the value of the US dollar is associated with more favorable abnormal returns to foreign investors to pursue US investments. The decline in US dollar lowers the cost of investments to foreign investors, and therefore the foreign investments is perceived to be positive as lower cost guarantees higher returns. The same theory can be applied to Malaysia, where a relatively stronger currency of RM compared with other country enables local investors to gain more and vice versa. Next, a study to determine the preferable mode of entry of international investments (Joint Venture, acquisition, or Greenfield) can be constructed. There are a number of studies focus on a particular mode of entry, like Etabari (1993), McConnell and Nantell (1985), Mohanram Nanda (1998), and Lummer and McConnell (1990) verify a positive significant result on the abnormal return based on international Joint Venture investments. There are few rese arches that look into the most preferred mode of entry for direct foreign investments. Therefore, this kind of study will help international investors to figure out the most beneficial mode of overseas investments.

Essay on Morality and Religion Debate - 1143 Words

Morality and Religion Debate In an organized religion debate, Alan Dershowitz and Alan Keyes contended many issues on religion and morality. Alan Dershowitz, a Harvard law professor, believed that morality can be maintained without religion. He also stated that it must be maintained without religion because times have changed. He said that if religion is not separated from state it could have severe damage, such as the Crusades and the Holocaust. Dershowitz believes that there is a difference between morality and religion. When people are moral without religion, they are being virtuous on their own, not because they are afraid of God. He stated that religion should not consist of a Cost-Benefit Analysis. Alan Keyes, a former†¦show more content†¦Dershowitz said, in return, that people are not moral if the sole reason for them doing it was to get to heaven. Dershowitz stated doing the right thing because it is the right thing is more powerful than doing it because someone higher than you says so. Fowle rs theory emphasises on the form of faith, not on a particular belief system. He believed that faith could be religious or non-religious, such as God, science, or humanity. Throughout his six stages, he links religion (faith) with morality, and how a person becomes increasingly moral as they grow older and learn more about faith. The relationship between religion and morality has existed throughout all time, and it has cost many senseless deaths and wars. The Crusades were a major example of how religion can be viewed negatively in politics. Dershowitz believed that if the Crusades were right, why were there not counter-Crusades? Keyes retorted that everyone has to be responsible and accountable. He believed that the horrible things done in the name of religion were just our worlds fallen nature. 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Informative Speech COM 1301 Free Essays

COM 1301, Section 05 October, 9th 2012 Mars Search Laboratory (MSL) Life on earth is getting more and more difficult, earth is overpopulated and global warming is treating our existence on earth every day. Living on another planet is on the solution that may pop out in our mind, this solution is what a space rover is trying to answer. In exactly one month and three days ago, a high technology rover lander on Mars, for those who did not hear about it let me show you some pictures (showing pictures to the audience), the rover is about 1000kg and a car size. We will write a custom essay sample on Informative Speech COM 1301 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Curiosity is special because it process information for itself and then sends the result back to earth. Two main objectives of Mars are 1. Discover traces of past life. 2. Analyze Mars habitability It is difficult not to get excited about NASA’s Mars Curiosity rover, it’s the most ambitious exploration vehicle yet sent to Mars. The big science question for the Mars Exploration Rover is how past water activity on Mars has influenced the red planet’s environment over time. While there is no liquid water on the surface of Mars today, the record of past water activity on Mars can be found in the rocks, minerals, and geologic landforms, particularly in those that can only form in the presence of water. That’s why the rover is specially equipped with tools to study a diverse collection of rocks and soils that may hold clues to past water activity on Mars. Project scientist Grokzinger says: â€Å"Curiosity is not a life detection mission. We are not actually looking for life, we don’t have the ability to detect life if it was there. But let me show you something (shows picture of river ) this river is located in Spain, it reaches high temperatures about 40 °C and it’s very acidic, it has a Ph about 2, knowing that the Ph scale goes from 0 to 14 from the most acidic to the least acidic. Well, surprisingly this river holds life! Scientists have recently taken a sample from this water and discover bacteria in it! This can be the absolut e evidence that life can emerge from extreme conditions. A part from discovering traces of past life, the other mission of Curiosity is to identify if Mars can be a shelter of life, Mars Science Laboratory is equipped with an instrument that measures the level of radiation. This will be critical to put a man on Mars and determine the type of protection. At last but not least, Scientists expect from Curiosity a major discovery, it involves analyzing rocks of the landing area, hoping to discover traces of past life and analyzing Mars habitability. To conclude let me show you the latest picture received from the rover (showing picture: trace of robot step) as you may see, this is a trace of the robot on the sandy surface of Mars, this is a small trace of a robot, a giant leap of mankind, Thank you. How to cite Informative Speech COM 1301, Papers

Pac Shakurs life free essay sample

Outpace (Two-pack) Amour Shaker, commonly known as OPAC, led a violent life. He died on September 13, 1996. He was a gangs rapper/Aspiring actor. Outpace was a big figure in the rap community, always doing what he wanted and not caring what others thought of him. His life symbolized what a lot of people have gone through, through his music and movies he showed us how hard life can be. Outpace was born in Brooklyn, NY in 1971. His family and he moved to Baltimore, Maryland early in his life. He took Performing Arts classes at his school; his teachers said he looked promising. He never finished school.He dropped out and moved to a small town outside Oakland, CA (Associatedb however he did go to college and finish his high school credits. All his life he was raised by his mom, with his sister. He always led a violent life; April 5, 1993, he assaulted a fellow rapper with a baseball bat. We will write a custom essay sample on Pac Shakurs life or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page October 31, 1993, he was charged with shooting two off duty police officers. The charges were later dropped. November 19, 1993, he was convicted of sexual assault (Death). In November 1 994, Outpace himself was shot during an attempted robbery outside a music studio In New York. Outpace did, however, mention this; Thug life to me Is dead.If its real, let somebody else represent it because Im tired of it. Shaker told Vibe Magazine. l represented it too much. I was Thug Outpace had a very promising career. HIS first album epically Now was very successful. Not too late after that his movie Juice was released in 1992. He released two more albums titled Strictly for my Inning and Me against the world and two more movies Poetic Justice (1993) and Above the His last album, All Eyes on Me sold over 6 million copies and was the first double CD for rap music. (Thuggish)(Associated) :03 p. M.PDP, Friday, September 13, Outpace died of respiratory failure and cardiac- pulmonary arrest at university Medical Center, Lass Vegas(Payne). He died of bullet wounds to the abdomen and chest at the young age of 25 (Unofficial). Shaker was shot four times in the chest and abdomen. Police believe he was the target. He lingered in a coma before he died. So far police have no suspects. All they are saying Is that the people were In a white Cadillac, not from Lass Vegas where he was shot [Associated). I believe that Outpace although he lived a violent life, mostly tried to keep others away room the life he had lived.

How to write a medical billing resume (with examples)

How to write a medical billing resume (with examples) If you’re interested in starting (or growing a career) in the mega-hot healthcare industry but are interested in a more administrative path, medical billing can be a great choice. Medical billing professionals handle the financial side of healthcare, translating medical charts into billing codes that are then sent to insurance companies or patients. Let’s look at three different job applicants’ medical billing resumes: one just starting out, another with experience under her belt, and a third who’s looking to move into a managerial position.First up is Amanda, our medical billing newbie.Download this resumeAmanda Brinker3298 First StreetLincoln, NE 12121(333) 111-2222Amanda.Brinker.III@emaildomain.comOrganized, Efficient Recent Grad with Administrative ExperienceKEY STRENGTHSCompleted medical billing and terminology certificate programProficient in evaluating and processing insurance claimsExperienced working as an admin in a medical clinicWell-versed in E MR and current medical billing technologyEDUCATION/CERTIFICATIONNebraska South College; Associate’s Degree, Health Information ManagementAwards/Honors: Dean’s List, graduated in top 10th percentileEXPERIENCEMidwest Animal Clinic (Lincoln, NE)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jan. 2016 – presentOffice AssistantPerform administrative support in a veterinary medical clinic.Process patient information and charts.Answer phones and handle waiting room triage.Schedule appointments and manage calendars.Provide customer care and information.The Oppenheimer Group (Lincoln, NE)Sept. 2017 – Dec. 2017Claims InternProvided administrative support for the Claims department of a large insurance company.Processed insurance claims, verifying information and routing to the appropriate team members.Maintained and enhanced a digital claim filing system.Amanda doesn’t yet have a ton of experience working in medical billing yet, but she does have a few things going for her: she’s c ompleted a training program, she has experience working in a medical office (albeit a veterinary one), and she also has experience working at an insurance company in an internship. In her resume, she wants to play up those important features, so she starts with a â€Å"Key Strengths† section that helps focus the reader on what she brings to this job. By setting the narrative herself rather than doing the standard reverse-chronological resume format (putting experience first), Amanda is making sure that the information she wants the reader to see most is front and center.Next up is Joe, who has been a medical billing professional for about 10 years.Download this resumeJoe Lightfoot7676 Francis Street * Pawnee, Indiana 56565 * 999-222-1111JoeQLightfoot@emaildomain.comCore Competencies  ICD-9 expertiseProven accuracy and attention to detailExpert knowledge of medical billing security and encrypted data managementAdept at communicating with patients, medical staff, and administ rative staffExperienceMetro Hospital  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pawnee, INMedical Billing Specialist  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2011 – presentManage and coordinate billing for patients.Administer an active company-wide database of patient and insurance information.Encrypt medical service charges using ICD-9 code system.Oversee the distribution of bills to patients and insurance companies.Mentor new employees and department interns as part of Metro’s talent development initiative.Indiana North University Hospital  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shaw, INMedical Billing Clerk  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2008 – 2011Ensured accuracy and data security of patient information and billing codes.Processed statements and invoices through the AccuCare medical billing system.Tracked submitted claims, including instituting tracers as necessary.Developed expertise in all commercial, private, and managed care insurance programs, including Medicare and Medicaid.Office of Janet M. Arroyo, MD                                                            Pawnee, INAssistant Billing Clerk  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2007 – 2008Processed and marked patient charts for coding and billing.Filed patient records and submitted claims.Assisted senior billing clerk with audits, coding, and electronic claim submission.Farley Medical Supply  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pawnee, INBookkeeper  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2005 – 2007Processed vendor invoices to ensure prompt, accurate payments.Issued customer invoices.Recorde d cash receipts and made bank deposits.Maintained detailed logs and the chart of accounts.SkillsExemplary record keepingFocus on customer data accuracy and information securityWorking knowledge of all insurance types and ongoing regulation changesElectronic medical record maintenanceMicrosoft Office suite expertiseEducation and CertificationBrady College (Parkville, IN)AAS, Medical Billing and Coding, 2007AAS, Business Management, 2005Joe goes with a more traditional format (the reverse-chronological format, which features experience most prominently). It works well for his resume, because he has years of experience to feature. However, he starts with a list of core competencies to guide the reader toward specific aspects of his career so far. His experience bullets support those points as well. And he’s also careful not to repeat bullet points, even though there may not have been huge differences between his medical billing jobs. It’s important to differentiate as muc h as you can, finding unique points to highlight for each of your positions.And last but not least, here’s Abdullah, who is trying to level up in her medical billing career by moving into a management position.Download this resumeAbdullah Hernandez75 Market BoulevardTarrytown, NY 43434222.444.6666A.F.Hernandez@emaildomain.comExperienced, results-oriented medical billing specialist seeking to leverage 15+ years of administrative excellence into a supervisory position.Core CompetenciesEnsuring the highest-quality coding and billing work from self and team membersDeveloping workflow processes and protocols to ensure billing and coding accuracyTalent development and managementBilingual (English and Spanish)ExperienceMedical Billing Specialist                                   County General Hospital6/2013 – present  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   New Rochelle, NYEstablish and implement guidelines for medical providers to ensure data accuracy.Work with Billing Supervisor to determine team assignments.Developed a cross-checking system with the front office to ensure that patient data is complete and accurate for claims processing.Oversee regular reporting to ensure that claims are processed and sent out on schedule.Manage database of insurance information, hospital procedure data, and billing codes.Billing Clerk                                                                                               State VA Hospital3/2010 – 6/2013  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Albany, NYVerified patient information and payments, following up with Collections procedures when necessary.Researched and resolved denials and rejections in a timely manner.Reviewed billing edits and verified patient information with insurance companies.Submitted claims to Medicare/Medicaid with the highest degree of accuracy.Medical Billing Clerk                                                           Anson Health Center7/2008 – 3/2010  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Albany, NYCoordinated bills for patients, routing them to patients and insurance companies.Resolved billing issues and disputes.Processed worker’s compensation claims.Transitioned the clinic t o a digitized filing system for claims and billing.Medical Billing Assistant                                             HealthPoint Services5/2003 – 3/2010  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Albany, NYObtained and processed patient charts and medical records for billing purposes.Verified patient information as necessary.Maintained patient information database.Organized, scanned, and copied patient charts for billing and archiving.Technical SkillsICD-9 coding systemAccuBill database managementMicrosoft Office suiteGoogle suite  Education/AffiliationsAmerican Society of Medical Billing ProfessionalsSecretary, Hudson Valley Chapter2015 – presentHuntville CollegeBachelor’s Degree, Health ManagementAssociate’s Degree, Medical Coding and BillingAbdullah has a sizable work history, but because she’s seeking to move up it’s important to emphasize not just that she has the experience and skills, but also the upward trajectory in her career. She does this by emphasizing the standards she holds for herself and others in the â€Å"Core Competencies† section, and by showing increasing levels of sophistication and responsibility throughout her different jobs. The old clichà © applies here: show, don’t tell. Make sure your resume supports the job you want, not just the jobs you’ve had.

6 Things To Know About How To Buy a Telescope

6 Things To Know About How To Buy a Telescope Telescopes give skygazers a great way to see magnified views of objects in the sky. Buying that first (or second or fifth) telescope is an exciting moment, so its a great idea to be fully informed before heading out to the stores.  Theres a lot to learn and a telescope is a long-term investment, so its important to learn the terminology. In addition, its always good to know what types of objects are of interest. Some people mainly want to observe planets, while others are into deep sky objects. Those targets help determine which telescope to get. A telescope with eyepiece (lower end), finderscope,and a good mount are important for long-term enjoyment of stargazing.   Andy Crawford/Getty Images Power Is Overrated A good telescope is not JUST  about the â€Å"power†. If a telescope ad touts claims about 300X or other numbers about the â€Å"power† the scope has, watch out! High power sounds great, but, there’s a catch. High magnification makes an object appear larger, which is important. However, the light gathered by the scope is spread over a larger area which creates a fainter image in the eyepiece. So, its important to keep that in mind. Also, high-powered scopes have specific requirements for eyepieces, so its a good idea to check out what eyepieces work best with a given instrument. Sometimes, lower power provides a better viewing experience, particularly if observers are checking out objects that are spread out across the sky, such as clusters or nebulae.   Telescope Eyepieces: Power is Not the Only Object Any new telescope should have at least one eyepiece, and some sets come with two or three. An eyepiece is rated by millimeters (mm), with smaller numbers indicating higher magnification. A 25mm eyepiece is common and appropriate for most beginners. As mentioned above, a telescope’s power or magnification is not the best indicator of a good scope. As with the whole, so the parts. A higher power eyepiece does not necessarily mean better viewing. It may allow you to see details in a small cluster, for example, but if its used to look at a nebula, it will only show a part of the object. So, high- and low-power eyepieces each have their place in observing, depending on what interests the stargazer. Its also important to remember that while a higher magnification eyepiece may provide more details, it may be harder to keep an object in view. To get the steadiest seeing in such cases, its important to use a motorized mount. Remember: a lower-power eyepiece makes it easier to find objects and keep them in view. Lower magnification eyepieces require less light, so viewing dimmer objects is easier. Refractor or Reflector Telescope:  Whats the Difference? The two most common types of telescopes available to amateurs are refractors and reflectors. A refractor uses two lenses. The larger of the two is at one end; its called the objective. On the other end is the lens the observer looks through, called the ocular or the eyepiece. A reflector gathers light at the bottom of the telescope using a concave mirror, called the primary. There are many ways the primary can focus the light, and how it is done determines the type of reflecting scope. Telescope Aperture Size Determines the View The aperture of a scope refers to the diameter of either the objective lens of a refractor or objective mirror of a reflector. The aperture size is the true key to the power of a telescope. Its ability to gather light is directly proportional to the size of its aperture and the more light a scope can gather, the better the image an observer will see. At this point, many beginners just think: I’ll just buy the biggest telescope I can afford. Unless they can afford to invest in their own observatory as well, they should probably not go too big when it comes to an instrument. A small scope that can be transported easily will probably get used a lot more than a larger one that takes some effort to haul around. Typically, 2.4-inch (60-mm) and 3.1-inch (80-mm) refractors and 4.5-inch (114-mm) and 6-inch (152-mm) reflectors are popular for most amateurs. Telescope Focal Ratio. The focal ratio of a telescope is calculated by dividing aperture size into its focal length. The focal length is measured from the main lens (or mirror) to where the light converges to focus. As an example, a scope with an aperture of 4.5 inches and focal length of 45 inches, will have a focal ratio of f/10. While a higher focal ratio does not always mean a higher quality image, it often means as good an image for similar cost. However, a higher focal ratio with the same size aperture means a longer scope, which can translate into a telescope someone has to wrestle with a bit more to get into a vehicle for transport to a viewing area.   Get a Good Telescope Mount is worth the money.   The mount for a scope is just as important as the tube and optics. Most people don’t think of that when they decide to buy a scope unless theyve done their homework. The mount is a stand that holds the telescope steady. It is extremely difficult, if not impossible, to view a distant object if the scope is not very steady and wobbles at the slightest touch (or worse, in the wind!). So, its important to invest in a good, solid telescope mount.   There are basically two types of mounts, altazimuth and equatorial. Altazimuth is similar to a camera tripod. It allows the telescope to move up and down (altitude) and back and forth (azimuth). The equatorial is designed to follow the movement of objects in the sky. Higher end equatorials come with a motor drive to follow the rotation of the Earth, keeping an object in the field of view longer. Many equatorial mounts come with small computers, which aim the scope automatically. Caveat Emptor, Even for a telescope. Yes, let the buyer beware. This is as true today as it ever has been in the past. It also applies to the purchase of a telescope. Just as with any other product, it is almost always true that you get what you pay for. A cheap department-store scope will almost certainly be a waste of money.   The truth is that most people do not need an expensive scope, and its better to buy the best one for the budget. However, its also important to avoid getting suckered in by cheap deals at stores that dont specialize in scopes.   Being a knowledgeable consumer is key. Read everything about scopes, both in telescope books and in articles online about what is really needed for stargazing. Go to astronomy club meetings and do a little parasitic viewing (of course, always ask permission), and ask for advice about telescopes. Most members love to give advice, and theres no better way to experiment with different models of instruments. Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

The Effects of Leakage Radiation from X-Rays Coursework - 120

The Effects of Leakage Radiation from X-Rays - Coursework Example The paper reveals the contribution of Heinrich Hertz to the history of radioactivity through the discovery of the presence of radio waves. However, it was Henri Becquerel, who conducted further studies on the beneficial effects of radioactive waves. The paper reveals that the work of the two scientists led to the discovery of the possible uses of radioactivity. Madame Curie is credited for having carried out researches that led to the discovery of more uses of radioactivity. The paper also reveals the contribution of Thomas A. Edison about the use of the most effective calcium tungstate-based option in the radiation process. Hal Gray is credited for having discovered the health-related use of radioactive waves while Herman Muller was the scientist who is credited for the discovery of the fact that radiation directly contributed to the production of new genetic traits.Radiation refers to the process through which energy is emitted in the form of waves or particles. Radiation pioneers played a very important role in radiation history effects. Scientists started making the first discoveries about radiation and atomic structures in the 19th century. A scientist by the name Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen is credited for the discovery of the basic properties of X-rays. Henri Becquerel was the one who first discovers radioactivity. All these discoveries and studies had a significant effect on the history of radioactivity. From the ideas that the pioneers discovered, other scientists are able to discover more about the use of radioactivity. In comparing the understanding of the concept of radioactivity during the 19th century, and the understanding of the same currently, it is evident that there is a significant improvement in the understanding and application of radioactivity in various fields.

Operation management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Operation management - Essay Example Slack and Lewis (2008) identified three basic verticals for companies such as finance, marketing and operations while finance and marketing activities have close linkage to operation management Slack & Lewis (2008, p. 4) defined operation management as â€Å"it is the management of systems or processes that create goods and/or provide services.† Consideration of research works of Slack, Chambers & Johnston (2007) and Hsu & Tang (2010) reveals the fact that operation management has close linkage with supply chain activities. Slack, Chambers & Johnston (2007) defined supply chain management as the sequence of activities in order to supply resources throughout every phases of value chain. As part of synchronization of supply chain activities and operation management activities; facilities, functions and activities are being used. Facilities- warehouses, processing centres, offices, factories, distribution centres and retail outlets are the place where operations are took place (S lack, 2004). Functions and activities- operation management is collective act and not only operation manager but also supply chain partners and workers play vital role in performing activities like delivery of the resources or final output to facilities, inventory management, customer service, scheduling of operational activities, information management, forecasting of future demand, purchasing of material, designing new product, quality assurance testing etc (Slack, 2004). While describing nature of operation management in context to manufacturing sector, Slack (2004) and Slack & Lewis (2008) used the following model. Figure 1: Operation Model (Source: Slack & Lewis, 2008) According to the above model, operation management is backed by three strategic verticals such as resources, capabilities of the firm and process that will be deployed in manufacturing new product or processing a service. As part of resources; equipments, financial capital, staff, sourcing from suppliers and tech nologies is being used in operation management. As part of capabilities of the firm; application of state of art technology, quantitative formulation of process and process diagrams are being used by operation managers and respective staff members. As part of process; job design, movement of goods in the facilities, process design, new product concept design, new product development etc are being used as part of operation management. So, what is the role or types of activities that operations managers are involved in operation management? Answering the question is not simple because types of activities of operation manager differ significantly with the change in nature of business for organizations. For example, operational activities of operations managers in manufacturing plan cannot be same operational activities in bank. However, some basic activities of operations manager for manufacturing facilities can be identified as, 1- managing the resources that are being used in differe nt phases of manufacturing, 2- developing and adjusting production schedule, 3- monitoring and controlling quality in

Cosmetology Essay -- essays research papers

Cosmetology Cosmetology is working with skin, hair and nails. Which includes things like hair styling, cutting, coloring, shampooing, manicures, waxing, facials, etc. "More than a half a million people work as cosmetologists." (Careers For Woman Without College Degrees 254) It is a great profession for people who would like to have a career in the beauty industry. It's a great career for a mother in a two income family or if you're just living on your own. This career is not only for woman, it is also great for men. The pay is not that bad, but usually wouldn't workout for a single mother with more than one kid, unless she owned her own business. A beginner will make between $12,000 and $13,000 a year. After you are more experienced you could make between $18,000 to $24,000 a year. There are not any benefits that are definate. When you find a salon to work at, you discuss benefits with the person who hires you, but if you own your own salon, you have no benifits, but you can decide your own vacations. As a cosmetologist you usually would work a full work day. Most people work 44 hours a week, but some work 48 hours or more. There are many ways to get schooling to be a cosmetologist. You could go to either a public or private vocational school, which some high schools offer. You could also go to a beauty school. You ...

A Nuclear Iran

Can We Live with a Nuclear Iran? | â€Å"Iran’s Nuclear Ambitions†- Rudyard Griffiths| Rosalie Abdo, #6719633, POL1102D-Politics and Globalization, Dr. D Pierre-Antoine| Iran, a relatively large third world regime bordering multiple Middle Eastern countries, has for many years been accused of secretly building nuclear weapons. This is a country with extreme radical ideologies that publicly condemns the west and sends weekly threats of annihilation to Israel.Countries around the world are slowly showing their anxiety of such a nation potentially possessing capabilities of immense means of destruction when their ideologies and past actions suggest such aggressive behaviours. Yet there is no proof to say that Iran does in fact own any nuclear weapons, and they have repeatedly expressed that their nuclear facilities are purely for peaceful and technological purposes. First in this paper I will summarize the argument against the possibility of a nuclear Iran. Second, I will do the opposite and summarize the reasoning for the possibility of a nuclear Iran.Finally, I will conclude with the argument that the world can exist with a nuclear Iran. A variety of arguments against Iran owning nuclear weaponry has been voiced. One of the leading arguments is the fear of nuclear hyper-proliferation. Iran is a relatively powerful nation whose footstep is felt and is very engaged in international affairs concerning its part of the globe. The fear of hyper-proliferation is that once Iran officially has proprietorship of nuclear war devices the surrounding countries and nations of the Middle East will commence an arms race.This would be terrible for a multitude of reasons, the first being that certain countries in the region have shown to be extremely unstable. With radical revolutions still fresh in the blood of its populace Egypt and Syria are perfect examples of countries that do not possess a stable form of government. Nuclear weapons in such states pose an extre me risk because of the lack of regulation; those arms of mass destruction could easily fall in the wrong hands. The second is living in a world filled with nukes is not ideal.The NPT Treaty, signed by all of the world’s nations except a select few, was created in order to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons and attempt at increasing the disarmament of the already existing ones. As this treaty was signed by relatively all countries it must logically follow that they believe in its ideals of slowing down potential nuclear warfare. Another argument is that Iran has shown over and over again its aggressive tendencies as well as its support of violent resolutions. Iran regularly threatens Israel with extinction.Iran has sent major weapons to terrorist organizations such as the Hezbollah in Lebanon and radical rebels in the Gaza Strip to use on Israel. Iran also sent weapons to the Syrian President Al Assad’s regime making it considerably harder for the Syrian popul ation to overthrow their tyrannical oppressor of many decades. Lastly, a nuclear Iran could create a hegemonic Iranian power in the Middle East. With its extremely strategic oil deposit position, this would be very bad for the western world considering Iran’s extreme anti-western policies.There are numerous arguments as to why the world can live with a nuclear Iran. One of the leading arguments for it is deterrence. North Korea, a radical regime who threatens to set ablaze the capital of its neighboring country on a weekly basis, possesses quantities of nuclear armaments. Instead of instigating combat the major powers aimed to deter and contain it; so far this has been extremely successful. Even though this terrifying regime holds in their possession a multitude of nukes, Asia is able prosper and has lived in peace for many years.During the Cold War the USSR was considered an extremely radical regime, one that due to the arms race had ownership of massive amounts of nuclear w eaponry. Again, instead of creating mass conflict, the US aimed to deter and contain it and was very successful. Another leading argument is that not only would a physical conflict with Iran be excessively costly in multiple aspects, but an attack from outsiders could spur a movement of nationalism and rally the populace of Iran together.Considering the size and capability of the country, the ample population, the probable lengthiness of the affair, and the territorial aspect such as the mountain ranges and distances from ports, this would not be a low-cost event. Many American politicians as well as President Obama himself have stated identical answers; it would be devastating to the American economy. This would not only be a disaster financially, but with the local terrain American deaths would more then be guaranteed. This would also undoubtedly infuriate the citizens into a movement maybe more radical than the ones they currently are in.Even if this event would come to be succes sful for the west, what would happen after? This would not encourage western values or affiliation and could injure the reputation of America in the Arab world. With Iran’s current budget for its nuclear program being 300 million dollars, which is nothing compared to its oil revenue, it will only take a few years for the country to reconstruct their nuclear facilities and recommence as before. Although both sides of this debate demonstrate considerable deliberation and thought one has come out victorious. The western world can live with a nuclear Iran.This is not to say that it is a decent notion for Iran to construct nuclear weapons. It is not decent for any country to create nuclear weapons as the horrendous destruction caused by these torturous weapons cannot properly be put on a crime scale. The damage inflicted not only obliterates any living organism in the vicinity of the blasts but remains and either slowly poisons to death anything and everything it comes across or m utates it for years to come whether living or not. Iran’s methods of dealing with international relations are abhorrent and should not be condoned.Yet as menacing as Iran appears to be on the global level the repercussions of acting on it and doing anything more than deterrence and containment toward this country is too much of a risk. One of the reasons why the west can live with a nuclear Iran is that although not on friendly terms, Iran has never directly threatened the west. They do have multiple anti-western policies yet they have never threatened their wellbeing. Iran has been very threatening and aggressive towards certain other nations such as Israel, yet Israel is a state that has been established for over sixty years and possesses over 200 nuclear weapons.This is not suggesting a termination of the alliance between the United States and Israel, but more of a slow and progressive estrangement in its aid. As previously mentioned before, a physical conflict with Iran c ould be devastating on the American economy. Some have argued that a pre-emptive war would not be a necessity for other countries to prevent a nuclear Iran and that by simply initiating tougher sanctions and doing everything that is short of war would be sufficient in thwarting Iran from building nuclear weaponry.There are many problems with this statement the first being that this action has already been done. The sanctions on building nuclear warheads are incredibly strong. The second problem with this is that to have a rule of law that is respected there needs to be an element of enforcement. There can be tougher sanctions put on the regulation of nuclear weapons, but if there is no one to enforce these rules then they are absolutely futile. If this train of thought is logically followed through it becomes apparent that enforcement is necessary in certain cases, war being the necessary implementation.Hence war is a necessity in some cases. This applies to Iran, and the west does not have a budget to follow it through. Another reason why the west could live with a nuclear Iran is that there currently is a country in the Middle East whose possession of nuclear weapons did not initiate an arms race, this country being Israel. Countries like Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, and Qatar all have substantial oil infused treasuries, budgets that could easily commence a nuclear agenda without a second thought.They are residing in the Middle East and did not feel the compulsion or the requirement to initiate an arms race; why would countries fill the need to do so with Iran? There is no evidence that any hyper-proliferation would ever occur. When North Korea declared it was growing a nuclear arsenal the surrounding nations did not attempt to create their own. This is also true with China, when it announced its ownership of nuclear weapons neighboring countries did not react in any sort of arms race.Israel is an extremely controversial country in the morals of the Middle Eastern population. It is more controversial then even Iran’s Shite regime. Many countries do not appreciate its existence, whether they publicly claim so or not. This is not to say that there are countries conspiring in its destruction, but to say that it would have been an easy justification to start constructing nuclear facilities due to the fact that the country is slowly but steadily engulfing all of Palestine.Lastly, the western world can live with a nuclear Iran because as previously stated deterrence has been successful. There are only a select few countries that have ownership of nuclear weaponry. Unfortunately, some of these countries are a part of dangerous regimes such as North Korea or unstable governments like Pakistan, yet due to proper deterrence and containment there not only has not been a nuclear war but there is no reason to believe there will be one in the future.Proper deterrence has also been successful in preventing other countries to attempt creating many more nuclear facilities and arsenals. This is what the west should be focusing on, not imaginary Iranian nuclear weapons that do not exist. If Iran declares its ownership of multiple nuclear weapons and its intention to use them, the western world has a right and an obligation to try to prevent this awful scenario for happening. Yet until this day comes, Iran has a right to build nuclear weapons. A Nuclear Iran Can We Live with a Nuclear Iran? | â€Å"Iran’s Nuclear Ambitions†- Rudyard Griffiths| Rosalie Abdo, #6719633, POL1102D-Politics and Globalization, Dr. D Pierre-Antoine| Iran, a relatively large third world regime bordering multiple Middle Eastern countries, has for many years been accused of secretly building nuclear weapons. This is a country with extreme radical ideologies that publicly condemns the west and sends weekly threats of annihilation to Israel.Countries around the world are slowly showing their anxiety of such a nation potentially possessing capabilities of immense means of destruction when their ideologies and past actions suggest such aggressive behaviours. Yet there is no proof to say that Iran does in fact own any nuclear weapons, and they have repeatedly expressed that their nuclear facilities are purely for peaceful and technological purposes. First in this paper I will summarize the argument against the possibility of a nuclear Iran. Second, I will do the opposite and summarize the reasoning for the possibility of a nuclear Iran.Finally, I will conclude with the argument that the world can exist with a nuclear Iran. A variety of arguments against Iran owning nuclear weaponry has been voiced. One of the leading arguments is the fear of nuclear hyper-proliferation. Iran is a relatively powerful nation whose footstep is felt and is very engaged in international affairs concerning its part of the globe. The fear of hyper-proliferation is that once Iran officially has proprietorship of nuclear war devices the surrounding countries and nations of the Middle East will commence an arms race.This would be terrible for a multitude of reasons, the first being that certain countries in the region have shown to be extremely unstable. With radical revolutions still fresh in the blood of its populace Egypt and Syria are perfect examples of countries that do not possess a stable form of government. Nuclear weapons in such states pose an extre me risk because of the lack of regulation; those arms of mass destruction could easily fall in the wrong hands. The second is living in a world filled with nukes is not ideal.The NPT Treaty, signed by all of the world’s nations except a select few, was created in order to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons and attempt at increasing the disarmament of the already existing ones. As this treaty was signed by relatively all countries it must logically follow that they believe in its ideals of slowing down potential nuclear warfare. Another argument is that Iran has shown over and over again its aggressive tendencies as well as its support of violent resolutions. Iran regularly threatens Israel with extinction.Iran has sent major weapons to terrorist organizations such as the Hezbollah in Lebanon and radical rebels in the Gaza Strip to use on Israel. Iran also sent weapons to the Syrian President Al Assad’s regime making it considerably harder for the Syrian popul ation to overthrow their tyrannical oppressor of many decades. Lastly, a nuclear Iran could create a hegemonic Iranian power in the Middle East. With its extremely strategic oil deposit position, this would be very bad for the western world considering Iran’s extreme anti-western policies.There are numerous arguments as to why the world can live with a nuclear Iran. One of the leading arguments for it is deterrence. North Korea, a radical regime who threatens to set ablaze the capital of its neighboring country on a weekly basis, possesses quantities of nuclear armaments. Instead of instigating combat the major powers aimed to deter and contain it; so far this has been extremely successful. Even though this terrifying regime holds in their possession a multitude of nukes, Asia is able prosper and has lived in peace for many years.During the Cold War the USSR was considered an extremely radical regime, one that due to the arms race had ownership of massive amounts of nuclear w eaponry. Again, instead of creating mass conflict, the US aimed to deter and contain it and was very successful. Another leading argument is that not only would a physical conflict with Iran be excessively costly in multiple aspects, but an attack from outsiders could spur a movement of nationalism and rally the populace of Iran together.Considering the size and capability of the country, the ample population, the probable lengthiness of the affair, and the territorial aspect such as the mountain ranges and distances from ports, this would not be a low-cost event. Many American politicians as well as President Obama himself have stated identical answers; it would be devastating to the American economy. This would not only be a disaster financially, but with the local terrain American deaths would more then be guaranteed. This would also undoubtedly infuriate the citizens into a movement maybe more radical than the ones they currently are in.Even if this event would come to be succes sful for the west, what would happen after? This would not encourage western values or affiliation and could injure the reputation of America in the Arab world. With Iran’s current budget for its nuclear program being 300 million dollars, which is nothing compared to its oil revenue, it will only take a few years for the country to reconstruct their nuclear facilities and recommence as before. Although both sides of this debate demonstrate considerable deliberation and thought one has come out victorious. The western world can live with a nuclear Iran.This is not to say that it is a decent notion for Iran to construct nuclear weapons. It is not decent for any country to create nuclear weapons as the horrendous destruction caused by these torturous weapons cannot properly be put on a crime scale. The damage inflicted not only obliterates any living organism in the vicinity of the blasts but remains and either slowly poisons to death anything and everything it comes across or m utates it for years to come whether living or not. Iran’s methods of dealing with international relations are abhorrent and should not be condoned.Yet as menacing as Iran appears to be on the global level the repercussions of acting on it and doing anything more than deterrence and containment toward this country is too much of a risk. One of the reasons why the west can live with a nuclear Iran is that although not on friendly terms, Iran has never directly threatened the west. They do have multiple anti-western policies yet they have never threatened their wellbeing. Iran has been very threatening and aggressive towards certain other nations such as Israel, yet Israel is a state that has been established for over sixty years and possesses over 200 nuclear weapons.This is not suggesting a termination of the alliance between the United States and Israel, but more of a slow and progressive estrangement in its aid. As previously mentioned before, a physical conflict with Iran c ould be devastating on the American economy. Some have argued that a pre-emptive war would not be a necessity for other countries to prevent a nuclear Iran and that by simply initiating tougher sanctions and doing everything that is short of war would be sufficient in thwarting Iran from building nuclear weaponry.There are many problems with this statement the first being that this action has already been done. The sanctions on building nuclear warheads are incredibly strong. The second problem with this is that to have a rule of law that is respected there needs to be an element of enforcement. There can be tougher sanctions put on the regulation of nuclear weapons, but if there is no one to enforce these rules then they are absolutely futile. If this train of thought is logically followed through it becomes apparent that enforcement is necessary in certain cases, war being the necessary implementation.Hence war is a necessity in some cases. This applies to Iran, and the west does not have a budget to follow it through. Another reason why the west could live with a nuclear Iran is that there currently is a country in the Middle East whose possession of nuclear weapons did not initiate an arms race, this country being Israel. Countries like Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, and Qatar all have substantial oil infused treasuries, budgets that could easily commence a nuclear agenda without a second thought.They are residing in the Middle East and did not feel the compulsion or the requirement to initiate an arms race; why would countries fill the need to do so with Iran? There is no evidence that any hyper-proliferation would ever occur. When North Korea declared it was growing a nuclear arsenal the surrounding nations did not attempt to create their own. This is also true with China, when it announced its ownership of nuclear weapons neighboring countries did not react in any sort of arms race.Israel is an extremely controversial country in the morals of the Middle Eastern population. It is more controversial then even Iran’s Shite regime. Many countries do not appreciate its existence, whether they publicly claim so or not. This is not to say that there are countries conspiring in its destruction, but to say that it would have been an easy justification to start constructing nuclear facilities due to the fact that the country is slowly but steadily engulfing all of Palestine.Lastly, the western world can live with a nuclear Iran because as previously stated deterrence has been successful. There are only a select few countries that have ownership of nuclear weaponry. Unfortunately, some of these countries are a part of dangerous regimes such as North Korea or unstable governments like Pakistan, yet due to proper deterrence and containment there not only has not been a nuclear war but there is no reason to believe there will be one in the future.Proper deterrence has also been successful in preventing other countries to attempt creating many more nuclear facilities and arsenals. This is what the west should be focusing on, not imaginary Iranian nuclear weapons that do not exist. If Iran declares its ownership of multiple nuclear weapons and its intention to use them, the western world has a right and an obligation to try to prevent this awful scenario for happening. Yet until this day comes, Iran has a right to build nuclear weapons.